This document was printed from the website of the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC), which you can access at http://www.cebc4cw.org/
This document was printed from the website of the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC), which you can access at http://www.cebc4cw.org/
Type of Maltreatment: Emotional abuse, Exposure to domestic violence, Physical abuse, Physical neglect, and Sexual abuse
Target Population: Children and adolescents aged 10-18 who have severe emotional and behavioral problems (e.g., conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and frequently co-occurring problems such as depression, alcohol or drug use, chronic truancy, destruction of property, domestic violence, or suicidal ideation. The program also has been used with teenagers with less extreme behaviors.
Brief Description:(The information in this program outline is provided by the program representative and edited by the CEBC staff.)
The Parenting with Love and Limits (PLL) has been reviewed by the CEBC in the area of Disruptive Behavior Treatment (Child & Adolescent), but lacks the necessary research evidence to be given either a Scientific Rating or a Child Welfare Relevance Rating. PLL combines group therapy and family therapy to treat children and adolescents aged 10-18 who have severe emotional and behavioral problems (e.g., conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and frequently co-occurring problems such as depression, alcohol or drug use, chronic truancy, destruction of property, domestic violence, or suicidal ideation. The program also has been used with teenagers with less extreme behaviors. PLL teaches families how to re-establish adult authority through consistent limits while reclaiming a loving relationship. It includes six multifamily sessions, conducted by two facilitators that employ group discussions, videotapes, age-specific breakout sessions, and role-play. Individual families also receive intensive 1 to 2-hour therapy sessions in an outpatient or home-based setting to practice the skills learned in the group setting. Three or four family therapy sessions are recommended for low to moderate-risk adolescents; up to 20 sessions may be recommended for those with more severe problems such as involvement with the juvenile or criminal justice system. PLL 's integration of group sessions and family therapy is designed to help families apply skills and concepts to real-life situations and prevent relapse.
Fidelity is assessed using the following 4 scales plus a manualized curriculum:
Parenting with Love and Limits was designed to be conducted in a group.
Parenting with Love and Limits has been tested for use in a group setting.
Testing references:
Smith, T. E., Sells, S. P., Rodman, J., & Reynolds, L. R. (2006). Reducing adolescent substance abuse and delinquency: Pilot research of a family oriented psycho-education curriculum. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 15(4), 105-115.
The recommended group size is: 6 to 8 adolescents and their families per group
Recommended intensity: 2-hour weekly group sessions with 1 hour of parents and teens meeting together and 1 hour of the parents and teens meeting separately, and 1-2 hour weekly family sessions, as needed.
Recommended duration: 6 weeks for group sessions, and 4 to 20 sessions for family sessions
Parenting with Love and Limits includes a homework component.
Description: Participants are expected to practice the skills they learn in both group and family sessions at home.
Parenting with Love and Limits is typically conducted in a(n): Adoptive Home, Birth Family Home, Community Agency, Foster Home, Outpatient Clinic, and Residential Care Facility.
Parenting with Love and Limits was designed with a Parent Component.
Parenting with Love and Limits addresses the following presenting problems and symptoms: Has a son or daughter aged 10-18 who has severe emotional and behavioral problems (e.g., conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and frequently co-occurring problems such as depression, alcohol or drug use, chronic truancy, destruction of property, domestic violence, or suicidal ideation.
Parenting with Love and Limits was designed with a Child Component.
Parenting with Love and Limits addresses the following presenting problems and symptoms: Severe emotional and behavioral problems (e.g., conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and frequently co-occurring problems such as depression, alcohol or drug use, chronic truancy, destruction of property, domestic violence, or suicidal ideation.
Age range(s): 10-18
Parenting with Love and Limits was not developed for children with developmental delays.
Parenting with Love and Limits has not been tested for children with developmental delays.
Parenting with Love and Limits has materials available in a language other than English.
Language(s) available:
Smith, T. E., Sells, S. P., Rodman, J., & Reynolds, L. R. (2006). Reducing adolescent substance abuse and delinquency: Pilot research of a family oriented psycho-education curriculum. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 15(4), 105-115.
There is a manual that describes how to implement this program.
There is training available for Parenting with Love and Limits.
Training contact: Ellen Souder, Clinical Director, Phone: 800-735-9525, E-mail: ellen@gopll.com
Number of days/hours: -Five days of clinical training, 48 weeks of telephone consultations
Training is obtained: -On-site clinical training
-Weekly or biweekly quality assurance and clinical adherence telephone consultations (2 hours every 2 weeks)
-Outcome research and analysis that includes an independently conducted, published program evaluation on recidivism rates and clinical effectiveness
-One on-site visit to observe delivery of the model for quality assurance purposes
-Videotaped supervision of therapist to facilitate treatment fidelity
-Ongoing consultations as needed to answer questions outside the weekly telephone consultations
There currently are additional qualified resources for training.
List of additional qualified resources: http://www.gopll.com/findacounselor.asp
The typical resources for implementing Parenting with Love and Limits are: Rooms to provide individual and group therapy in and measures.
Master's level degree in counseling or higher
Parenting with Love and Limits (PLL) has been reviewed and it was determined that this program lacks the type of published, peer-reviewed research that meets the CEBC criteria for scientific rating of 1 – 5. Therefore, the program has been given the classification of "NR - Not able to be Rated. " It was reviewed because it was identified by the topic expert as a program being used in the field, or it is being marketed and/or used in California with children receiving services from child welfare or related systems and their parents/caregivers. Some programs that are not rated may have published, peer-reviewed research that does not meet the above stated criteria or may have eligible studies that have not yet been published in the peer-reviewed literature. For more information on the "NR – Not able to be Rated" classification, please see the Scientific Rating Scale.
Smith, T. E., Sells, S. P., Rodman, J., & Reynolds, L. R. (2006). Reducing adolescent substance abuse and delinquency: Pilot research of a family-oriented psychoeducation curriculum. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 15, 105-115.
Type of Study: Pretest/Posttest
Number of participants: 93 parents and 102 adolescents
Population:
Location/Institution: Not given
Summary: (To include comparison groups, outcomes, measures, notable limitations) Participants were attending a 6-week substance abuse prevention program. All adolescent participants also had a concurrent diagnosis of oppositional defiant or conduct disorder. Before beginning the intervention the adolescents received the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI), measuring self-perceptions and attitudes about substance use and abuse. The scale was re-administered after the last class. Juvenile court records were also used to assess re-arrest for substance abuse or conduct-related problems at 6 and 12 months after completing the program. Results showed that self-perception of drug and alcohol use, as measured by the SASSI, was significantly lower after program completion. Arrest records indicated that 15% of the sample relapsed or re-offended during the 12-month follow-up period. This study is limited by lack of an untreated comparison group.
Length of post-intervention follow-up: 12 months.
Sells, S. P. (2001). Parenting your out-of-control teenager. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Sells, S. P. (1998). Treating the tough adolescent: A family-based step-by-step guide. New York, N.Y.: Guilford Press.
Sells, S. P., Smith, T. E., & Rodman, J. (2006). Reducing substance abuse through Parenting with Love and Limits. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 15, 105-115.
Contact name: Scott P. Sells, PhD, LMFT, LCSW
Affiliation/Agency: Parenting With Love and Limits, Inc.
Email: spsells@gopll.com
Phone: 800-735-9525
Fax: 812-727-2847
Website: http://www.gopll.com