This document was printed from the website of the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC), which you can access at http://www.cebc4cw.org/
This document was printed from the website of the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC), which you can access at http://www.cebc4cw.org/
Type of Maltreatment: Emotional abuse, Exposure to domestic violence, Physical abuse, Physical neglect, and Sexual abuse
Target Population: Prospective foster and adoptive families in both public and private agencies.
Brief Description:(The information in this program outline is provided by the program representative and edited by the CEBC staff.)
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) has been reviewed by the CEBC in the areas of Placement Stabilization and Resource Parent Recruitment and Training, but lacks the necessary research evidence to be given either a Scientific Rating or a Child Welfare Relevance Rating. PS-MAPP is a 30-hour preparation and selection program for prospective foster and adoptive parents. PS-MAPP was the first comprehensive preparation and selection program for foster and/or adoptive parents to be developed since the passage of the Adoption and Safe Families Act in 1997. PS-MAPP was created out of consultations with the National Foster Parent Association Board of Directors and out of years of experience with the MAPP (Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting) family of programs.
ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT TOOLS OF PS-MAPP
Because PS-MAPP is both a preparation and selection program, it includes the following family and individual assessment and development tools. Descriptions of the PS-Mapp Family Profile, EcoMap, Family Map, and Strengths Approach-Strength/Needs Assessment tools are in the Homework section of this program entry. A description of the PS-MAPP components follows:
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) was designed to be conducted in a group.
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) has not been tested for use in a group setting.
The recommended group size is: No more than 20 participants.
Recommended intensity: The program is optimally conducted in weekly 3-hour training meetings. Additionally, a minimum of two family consultations are conducted with each prospective family. Family consultations are generally conducted in 2 to 3 hours, depending upon the size and needs of the family, as well as state and local policies and regulations.
Recommended duration: During the 10 sequential weeks of the program, leaders have direct contact through group sessions and family consultations at least 12 times.
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) includes a homework component.
Description: PS-MAPP Family Profile: Completed by the members of a prospective resource family, the PS-MAPP Family Profile describes and assesses the prospective family’s strengths and needs in the family’s own words.
Eco Map: The Eco Map, which was created by Ann Hartman, describes and assesses the family’s sources and expenditures of energy. Each family completes an Eco Map. The Eco Map, also called a sociogram, which was created by Ann Hartman, is a visual assessment tool depicting the relationships between a family and its social network. As the name signifies, therapist and client together map out connections between the family and its ecological environment.
Family Map: The Family Map, which was created by John Williams, describes and assesses the family’s boundary, power, and authority systems.
Strengths Approach - Strengths/Needs Assessments: The program utilizes the Strengths Approach to family assessment and development. The Strengths Approach helps the PS-MAPP Leader and the family to focus on strengths related to the critical skills required of foster parents and to frame problems or challenges, as professional development needs. Both PS-MAPP Leaders and prospective resource parents are responsible for assessing strengths and needs.
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) is typically conducted in a(n): Community Agency and Community Daily Living Settings.
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) was not designed with a Parent Component.
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) was not designed with a Child Component.
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) was not developed for children with developmental delays.
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) has not been tested for children with developmental delays.
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) does not have materials available in a language other than English.
There is a manual that describes how to implement this program.
There is training available for Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP).
Training contact: Elizabeth Skidmore, MBA, Executive Vice President, Business and Leadership Development, Kids Hope United/Child Welfare Institute, Website: www.gocwi.org
Number of days/hours: Eight 6-hour training days to certify leaders
Training is obtained: Provided onsite
There currently are not additional qualified resources for training.
The typical resources for implementing Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) are: Room for up to 20 people sitting in a circle or U-shape. Training requires newsprints, newsprint stands, DVD player and monitor, as well as supplies outlined in the trainer and leader’s guides.
Certification in the program.
Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP) has been reviewed and it was determined that this program lacks the type of published, peer-reviewed research that meets the CEBC criteria for scientific rating of 1 – 5 . Therefore, the program has been given the classification of "NR - Not able to be Rated. " It was reviewed because it was identified by the topic expert as a program being used in the field, or it is being marketed and/or used in California with children receiving services from child welfare or related systems and their parents/caregivers. Some programs that are not rated may have published, peer-reviewed research that does not meet the above stated criteria or may have eligible studies that have not yet been published in the peer-reviewed literature. For more information on the "NR – Not able to be Rated" classification, please see the Scientific Rating Scale.
Lee, J. H., & Holland, T. P. (1991). Evaluating the effectiveness of foster parent training. Research on Social Work Practice, 1(2), 162-174.
Type of Study: Non-matched comparison group
Number of participants: 17 MAPP, 12 comparison
Population:
Location/Institution: Georgia
Summary: (To include comparison groups, outcomes, measures, notable limitations) Participants who had completed MAPP training were compared with foster parents who had not on the Adolescent/Adult Parenting Inventory (AAPI), which assesses developmental expectations, value on physical punishment, parent-child roles, and empathy towards child’s needs. No pre-test posttest differences or between group differences were found on any analyses. All participants’ scores fell within norms established for the AAPI. The authors suggest that results may have been influenced by self-selection biases and drop-outs from training, the validity of the AAPI as a measure, and training implementation, as well as by a small sample size.
Length of post-intervention follow-up: None.
Puddy, R. W., & Jackson, Y. (2003). The development of parenting skill in foster parent training. Children and Youth Services Review, 25(12), 987-1013.
Type of Study:Non-matched comparison group.
Number of participants: MAPP/GPS: 62 foster parents; comparison group: 20
Population:
Location/Institution: Kansas
Summary: (To include comparison groups, outcomes, measures, notable limitations)Foster parents in-training who received the MAPP/GPS curriculum (MAPP/GPS stands for Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting/Group Selection and Participation of Foster and/or Adoptive Families which was later changed to PS-MAPP) were compared to untrained foster parent on the basic knowledge goals of the MAPP/GPS program. A questionnaire was developed and used for this study with the assistance of MAPP/GPS trainers. Parenting knowledge was also assessed using the Parenting Skills Questionnaire and a parenting behavior measure created to measure basic parenting skills. Results showed significant improvements from pre-test to posttest on all goals for MAPP/GPS training participants and on six of the PSQ scales. Scores on Communication showed a significant decrease. MAPP/GPS participants also showed gains over the comparison group in four skill areas: Know Your family, Work in Partnerships, Make an Informed Decision, and Assure Health and Safety. On the PSQ, the MAPP/GPS was lower on Communication skills and higher on Punishment/Consequences. They were also higher on Rewards skills and Predict Future Behaviors skills and lower on Identify Behaviors skills. Limitations include lack of matching or random assignment to study groups, high attrition in the MAPP/GPS group and small sample sizes.
Length of post-intervention follow-up: None.
No reference materials are currently available for Partnering for Safety and Permanence - Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting (PS-MAPP).
Contact name: Elizabeth Skidmore, MBA
Affiliation/Agency: Kids Hope United/Child Welfare Institute
Email: bskidmore@gocwi.org
Phone: 312-949-5623
Fax: 312-922-6736