Program Delivery Option: Hospital

HOP-C is a critical time intervention that was developed in response to research outlining the psychosocial challenges faced by youth in the transition out of homelessness. HOP-C involves wraparound supports (e.g., intensive case management, specialized mental health support, and peer workers) that youth can engage with flexibly throughout their time in the project. HOP-C workers also coordinate with other professionals/agencies (e.g., existing case workers, housing workers, employment workers, etc.) to provide individualized support to each youth. Furthermore, peer workers organize and facilitate social outings and drop-ins for youth. The desired outcomes of this program relate to maintaining stable housing, pursuing/maintaining school/employment, improving mental health outcomes and promoting greater well-being and quality of life.

PreVenture^® is a prevention and early intervention program for youth aged 12 to 18 years. The program offers brief, workshops that teach personality-specific cognitive-behavioral skills to youth to promote mental health and reduce the risk of substance use.

PreVenture^® aims to promote self-efficacy and cognitive-behavioral skills among youth to help them cope with the numerous developmental challenges that many young people face, such as academic stress, peer pressure, interpersonal conflict, and identity development. This personalized approach aims to empower young people to build resilience and develop effective coping strategies to help them better manage their personality style. The program is delivered in two 90-minute personality-focused workshops (either online or in-person) either in a school or community setting and involves group and individual exercises, is manual-based, but guided by a trained facilitator.

The Be Strong Families’ (BSF) Parent Café Program is designed to provide a space for parents and caregivers to engage in facilitated, peer-driven discussions that foster self-reflection and strengthen protective factors for families. The program is built around the Strengthening Families Protective/Promotive Factors Framework and focuses on building connections between parents, promoting resilience, and developing strategies for addressing the challenges parents face. The Parent Café model is flexible and can be implemented in various settings, including schools, community organizations, and child welfare systems. Facilitators lead discussions, offer resources, and guide parents through topics that enhance parenting skills, create safer home environments, and support positive child outcomes.

The 4 Rs and 2 Ss for Strengthening Families Program is a program where families who have children with behavioral difficulties can participate in a group treatment to help improve family communication, family relationships, and satisfaction with services. Participating families have a child between 7-11 years old with behavioral difficulties and at least one primary caregiver who will participate in the group with the child.

The group topics focus on Rules, Relationships, Respectful Communication, and Responsibilities (4 Rs) and Stress and Social Support (2 Ss). Each session follows a similar format and focuses on the R or S of the day. There are discussions and activities to help caregivers, and their child learn how to use each R or S. Each week, there is also “Roadwork” (i.e., some activities to try at home).

The 4 Rs and 2 Ss has been adapted to be used with individual families, but that version has not been reviewed by the CEBC.

When people forgive someone who has deeply hurt them, they let go of resentment and the urge to seek revenge, no matter how deserving of these things the wrongdoer may be. The forgiver gives the gifts of acceptance, generosity, and even love. Forgivers give these, not out of grim obligation. Rather, they are given because the forgiver has chosen to have a merciful heart. Forgiveness Therapy is designed to teach the participant how to forgive others through 4 distinct phases. It can be provided in individual or group sessions.

SPORT (Substance Prevention Optimizing Resiliency Training) Prevention Plus Wellness Middle School Version is a brief substance use prevention and health promotion intervention designed to highlight the positive image benefits of an active lifestyle to reduce the use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs by youth. In addition, it aims to improve their overall physical and mental well-being.

SPORT (Substance Prevention Optimizing Resiliency Training) Prevention Plus Wellness High School Version is a brief substance use prevention and health promotion intervention designed to highlight the positive image benefits of an active lifestyle to reduce the use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs by youth. In addition, it aims to improve their overall physical and mental wellbeing.

Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) is an evolution-informed, biopsychosocial therapeutic approach that aims to help those who struggle with shame and self-criticism, which can result from experiences of abuse or neglect. CFT teaches clients to cultivate the skills of self-compassion and other-oriented compassion, and to build the courage and wisdom to address life’s difficulties and flourish. It utilizes psychoeducational concepts such as the three emotion regulation systems and understanding the ‘tricky brain,’ and guides participants through a range of mind-body practices. Clients and therapists collaborate on a set of therapeutic goals and tasks; formulation, assessment and therapeutic guidance are crucial.

Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) refers to the specific exercises that people practice in order to stimulate different systems in their brains, bodies, and social relationships. It is typically for nonclinical populations and may be used as a set of self-help exercises.

While the CEBC has only reviewed CFT for use with secondary traumatic stress, it can be used with non-caregiving adults, parents/caregivers, adolescents, and young adults to alleviate other symptoms.

The Community Resiliency Model (CRM)® is a set of six biologically based wellness skills used for self-care that can be practiced by participants to stabilize emotions, ideally resulting in more adaptive thinking when facing emotional and physical distress. CRM's key aim is to inform individuals about the biological responses associated with trauma, stress, and resilience and to learn skills that aid in resetting and stabilizing the nervous system. CRM's six core skills -- Tracking, Resourcing, Grounding, Gesturing, Help Now!, and Shift and Stay -- can be taught through CRM Workshops or shared informally by “CRM Teachers” and “CRM Guides'' who have received training in its strategies. People trained may be professionals or natural leaders within communities, including teachers, ministers, healthcare workers, therapists, first responders, and lay persons. The skills are adaptable across different cultural and religious contexts, enhancing CRM’s accessibility and inclusiveness.

While CRM can be used with many different target populations, this entry is focused only on its use with professionals who work in trauma-exposed organizations or situations and experience secondary traumatic stress. The CEBC Scientific Rating is based on research articles with studies evaluating only this use.

The Incredible Years® Preschool Basic Parent Training Program (Treatment) is a group-based parent curriculum based on video modeling designed to strengthen parent-child interactions and attachment; reduce harsh discipline; foster parents' ability to promote children's social, emotional, and language development; and reduce externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Parents learn how to build school readiness skills and are encouraged to partner with teachers and day care professionals so they can promote children's emotional self-regulation and social skills. Lastly, the program focuses on increasing parents' self-regulation skills and social support.