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Definition

Alternatives to Long-Term Residential Care Programs are defined by the CEBC as family-home-based or short-term residential programs that meet the clinical or therapeutic needs of children and youth in out-of-home care who were traditionally served in congregate care settings. Congregate care settings, in this context, could include group, residential, and community treatment facilities. This topic area was created in response to California's Continuum of Care Reform efforts and an understanding that children who must live apart from their biological parents do best when they are cared for in committed and nurturing family homes. California's statutory and policy framework ensures that services and supports provided to the child, youth, and family are tailored toward the ultimate goal of maintaining a stable permanent family. Reliance on congregate or residential care should be limited to short-term, therapeutic interventions that are just one part of a continuum of care available for children, youth, and young adults.

  • Target population: Children and youth with need for a higher level of care who would typically have been placed in residential or congregate care settings; could also include the caregivers of these youth
  • Services/types that fit: Home- or community-based clinical interventions, school-based services, short-term/time-limited residential interventions, parent training programs
  • Delivered by: Resource parents, licensed clinical professionals, paraprofessionals, social workers, educators, and other child welfare related staff
  • In order to be included: Program must deliver either short-term higher level of placement services or services designed to be an alternative to placement in higher levels of care, or must train staff and/or caregivers to deliver these services
  • In order to be rated: There must be research evidence (as specified by the Scientific Rating Scale) that examines child welfare outcomes such as reductions in the use of higher levels of placement or occurrence of placement disruptions, and/or behavior-related outcomes for youth/children such as changes in behavior, symptom levels, and/or functioning.

Downloadable Topic Area Summary

Definition

Alternatives to Long-Term Residential Care Programs are defined by the CEBC as family-home-based or short-term residential programs that meet the clinical or therapeutic needs of children and youth in out-of-home care who were traditionally served in congregate care settings. Congregate care settings, in this context, could include group, residential, and community treatment facilities. This topic area was created in response to California's Continuum of Care Reform efforts and an understanding that children who must live apart from their biological parents do best when they are cared for in committed and nurturing family homes. California's statutory and policy framework ensures that services and supports provided to the child, youth, and family are tailored toward the ultimate goal of maintaining a stable permanent family. Reliance on congregate or residential care should be limited to short-term, therapeutic interventions that are just one part of a continuum of care available for children, youth, and young adults.

  • Target population: Children and youth with need for a higher level of care who would typically have been placed in residential or congregate care settings; could also include the caregivers of these youth
  • Services/types that fit: Home- or community-based clinical interventions, school-based services, short-term/time-limited residential interventions, parent training programs
  • Delivered by: Resource parents, licensed clinical professionals, paraprofessionals, social workers, educators, and other child welfare related staff
  • In order to be included: Program must deliver either short-term higher level of placement services or services designed to be an alternative to placement in higher levels of care, or must train staff and/or caregivers to deliver these services
  • In order to be rated: There must be research evidence (as specified by the Scientific Rating Scale) that examines child welfare outcomes such as reductions in the use of higher levels of placement or occurrence of placement disruptions, and/or behavior-related outcomes for youth/children such as changes in behavior, symptom levels, and/or functioning.

Downloadable Topic Area Summary

Programs

Multidimensional Family Therapy

Adolescents 11 to 18 with the following symptoms or problems: substance use or at risk, delinquent/conduct disorder, school and other behavioral problems, and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms

Scientific Rating 1

Multisystemic Therapy

Youth, 12 to 17 years old, with possible substance abuse issues who are at risk of out-of-home placement due to antisocial or delinquent behaviors and/or youth involved with the juvenile justice system and their parents/caregivers (some other restrictions for youth exist, see the Essential Components section for more details)

Scientific Rating 1

Treatment Foster Care Oregon – Adolescents

Boys and girls, 12-17 years old, with severe delinquency and/or severe emotional and behavioral disorders who were in need of out-of-home placement and could not be adequately served in lower levels of care, and their caregivers

Scientific Rating 1

Functional Family Therapy

11-18 year olds with very serious problems such as conduct disorder, violent acting-out, and substance abuse

Scientific Rating 2

Risk Reduction through Family Therapy

Trauma-exposed adolescents aged 13-18 years who experience co-occurring trauma-related mental health problems (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression), substance use problems, and other risk behaviors (e.g., risky sexual behavior, non-suicidal self-injury)

Scientific Rating 2

Treatment Foster Care Oregon for Preschoolers

Preschool foster children aged 3-6 years old who exhibit a high level of disruptive and antisocial behavior which cannot be maintained in regular foster care, or who may be considered for residential treatment, and their caregivers

Scientific Rating 2

CARE: Creating Conditions for Change

Child care staff, clinical staff, and agency administrators working with 6- to 20-year-old children and youth living in foster, group, or residential care or attending specialized day treatment or day schools

Scientific Rating 3

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Chronically suicidal youth with behaviors found in borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Scientific Rating 3

Sanctuary Model

This program is not a client-specific intervention, but a full-system approach that targets the entire organization with the intention of improving client care and outcomes. The focus is to create a trauma-informed and trauma-sensitive environment in which specific trauma-focused interventions can be effectively implemented.

Scientific Rating 3

Stop-Gap

Children and/or adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (Conduct disorder [CD], Oppositional Defiant Disorder [ODD], attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) living in residential treatment centers

Scientific Rating 3

Teaching-Family Model

Youth who are at-risk, juvenile delinquents, in foster care, mentally retarded/developmentally disabled, or severely emotionally disturbed; families at risk of having children removed

Scientific Rating 3

CORE Teen

Prospective and current parents who are, or will be, raising older children from foster care (ages 10 or older) who have moderate to severe emotional and behavioral challenges that require intensive coordinated services to prevent restrictive or congregate placements

Scientific Rating NR

Functional Family Therapy Child Welfare®

Children and adolescents up to 17 years of age and their parent/caregivers and other family members who were referred to child welfare services for indicated or suspected child abuse or neglect.

Scientific Rating NR

Pressley Ridge Treatment Foster Care Program

Youth who are 12-18 years old with severe emotional and behavioral disorders. These youth are in need of out-of-home placement and could not be adequately served in lower levels of care.

Scientific Rating NR

Programs

Multidimensional Family Therapy

Adolescents 11 to 18 with the following symptoms or problems: substance use or at risk, delinquent/conduct disorder, school and other behavioral problems, and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms

Scientific Rating 1

Multisystemic Therapy

Youth, 12 to 17 years old, with possible substance abuse issues who are at risk of out-of-home placement due to antisocial or delinquent behaviors and/or youth involved with the juvenile justice system and their parents/caregivers (some other restrictions for youth exist, see the Essential Components section for more details)

Scientific Rating 1

Treatment Foster Care Oregon – Adolescents

Boys and girls, 12-17 years old, with severe delinquency and/or severe emotional and behavioral disorders who were in need of out-of-home placement and could not be adequately served in lower levels of care, and their caregivers

Scientific Rating 1

Functional Family Therapy

11-18 year olds with very serious problems such as conduct disorder, violent acting-out, and substance abuse

Scientific Rating 2

Risk Reduction through Family Therapy

Trauma-exposed adolescents aged 13-18 years who experience co-occurring trauma-related mental health problems (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression), substance use problems, and other risk behaviors (e.g., risky sexual behavior, non-suicidal self-injury)

Scientific Rating 2

Treatment Foster Care Oregon for Preschoolers

Preschool foster children aged 3-6 years old who exhibit a high level of disruptive and antisocial behavior which cannot be maintained in regular foster care, or who may be considered for residential treatment, and their caregivers

Scientific Rating 2

CARE: Creating Conditions for Change

Child care staff, clinical staff, and agency administrators working with 6- to 20-year-old children and youth living in foster, group, or residential care or attending specialized day treatment or day schools

Scientific Rating 3

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Chronically suicidal youth with behaviors found in borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Scientific Rating 3

Sanctuary Model

This program is not a client-specific intervention, but a full-system approach that targets the entire organization with the intention of improving client care and outcomes. The focus is to create a trauma-informed and trauma-sensitive environment in which specific trauma-focused interventions can be effectively implemented.

Scientific Rating 3

Stop-Gap

Children and/or adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (Conduct disorder [CD], Oppositional Defiant Disorder [ODD], attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) living in residential treatment centers

Scientific Rating 3

Teaching-Family Model

Youth who are at-risk, juvenile delinquents, in foster care, mentally retarded/developmentally disabled, or severely emotionally disturbed; families at risk of having children removed

Scientific Rating 3

CORE Teen

Prospective and current parents who are, or will be, raising older children from foster care (ages 10 or older) who have moderate to severe emotional and behavioral challenges that require intensive coordinated services to prevent restrictive or congregate placements

Scientific Rating NR

Functional Family Therapy Child Welfare®

Children and adolescents up to 17 years of age and their parent/caregivers and other family members who were referred to child welfare services for indicated or suspected child abuse or neglect.

Scientific Rating NR

Pressley Ridge Treatment Foster Care Program

Youth who are 12-18 years old with severe emotional and behavioral disorders. These youth are in need of out-of-home placement and could not be adequately served in lower levels of care.

Scientific Rating NR

Topic Expert

The Alternatives to Long-Term Residential Care Programs topic area was added in 2018. Sigrid James, PhD, LCSW was the topic expert and was involved in identifying and rating any of the programs with an original load date in 2018 (as found on the bottom of the program's page on the CEBC) or others loaded earlier and added to this topic area when it launched. The topic area has grown over the years and any programs added since 2018 were identified by CEBC staff, the Scientific Panel, and/or the Advisory Committee. For these programs, Dr. James was not involved in identifying or rating them.

Topic Expert

The Alternatives to Long-Term Residential Care Programs topic area was added in 2018. Sigrid James, PhD, LCSW was the topic expert and was involved in identifying and rating any of the programs with an original load date in 2018 (as found on the bottom of the program's page on the CEBC) or others loaded earlier and added to this topic area when it launched. The topic area has grown over the years and any programs added since 2018 were identified by CEBC staff, the Scientific Panel, and/or the Advisory Committee. For these programs, Dr. James was not involved in identifying or rating them.