Parents and caregivers (e.g., grandparents and other relatives raising young children, foster parents, and adoptive parents) of children birth to 10 years old, as well as pregnant mothers and their spouses or partners
Children in grades K-5, their parents/guardians, and personnel at the children’s school
Universal populations (all children) including those with more serious behavior problems and/or cognitive challenges
Adults with depression; has also been used with adults with a variety of other mental health disorders and behavioral problems
Adults who have experienced trauma and may experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), post-traumatic stress, phobias, and other mental health disorders
For parents and caregivers of children and adolescents from birth to 12 years old with moderate to severe behavioral and/or emotional difficulties or for parents that are motivated to gain a more in-depth understanding of positive parenting
For parents and caregivers of children from birth to age 16
Adults working and living with children and youth who escalate incidents into no-win power struggles, distort reality, are self-abusive, engage in destructive peer relationships, lack social skills, and show little conscience for aggressive behavior
Females 12 - 24 years old with substance abuse and/or trauma
Parents of children and adolescents (birth through 18 years) who are typically developing; and teachers of children (toddlers through adolescence) who are typically developing; parents, teachers, and service providers of children with special needs (infants through teens), including children with disorders of attachment, children on the autism spectrum and children exposed to trauma
