High-risk, substance-affected families involved in the child welfare system that may experience poly-substance abuse and dependence, domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, criminal involvement and behavior, poverty, inappropriate housing, lack of education, poor employment skills, impaired parenting, low household income, or single parent household
Children ages 0-18 who exhibit behavioral problems and their caregiver (biological, adoptive, or foster)
Youth who are at-risk, juvenile delinquents, in foster care, mentally retarded/developmentally disabled, or severely emotionally disturbed; families at risk of having children removed
Primarily low-income families
Families referred to and assessed by child protective service (CPS) agencies
Parents of children - birth through adolescence
Parents with substance abuse issues involved with the child welfare system
Families who have an open child welfare case due to allegations of abuse and neglect; also been used with families involved with juvenile agencies and as a preventative program
Parents at-risk for child neglect and/or abuse and parents with a history of child neglect and/or abuse
All mothers, fathers, and secondary caregivers of infants up to 2 years of age as well as society in general in their understanding of early increased infant crying and shaken baby syndrome
