Age of Child: 3

Children 18 months to 4 years and their families

Children and/or students ages 3-8 years old and their parents and/or teachers

Parents and caregivers (e.g., grandparents and other relatives raising young children, foster parents, and adoptive parents) of children birth to 10 years old, as well as pregnant mothers and their spouses or partners

Youth serving organizations with professionals, paraprofessionals, and all others who work in settings where adults and children and/or adolescents interact including higher education, primary education, early childhood care, child abuse prevention, child welfare including foster and residential care, youth-serving organizations, and faith-based centers

Students in Preschool through Grade 3

Groups of caregivers (parents, foster/adoptive parents, and early learning providers) of infants, toddlers, and children younger than 6 years old; can be used universally or in targeted fashion through serving high-risk populations such as Early Head Start participants, teen moms, or parents with irritable babies

Children and adolescents from 1 to 18 years of age who experience attachment disturbances due to maltreatment, abuse, neglect, multiple home placements, and violence

Children adopted from foster care or foreign orphanages or biological children who have failed to develop secure attachments

Primary Prevention use: Families with children aged 0-5 years. Secondary Prevention use: Families with children aged 0-5 years who have risk factors for child maltreatment such as parental depression or substance abuse

Families who had been reported to the child welfare system for child maltreatment including physical and emotional maltreatment in addition to child neglect; may be used as a court-ordered parenting program